Overview of 3D digitization technology

3D digitization technology is the process of analyzing an object from the real world, to collect all the data to recreate the shape of that object, using digital technology.

Currently, there are three popular 3D digitization methods: structured light method, laser scanner digitization method and photogrammetry method. Each method has its own advantages, disadvantages and different applications. However, in today's article, we will learn about 3D digitization method using structured light, one of the popular methods thanks to its ability to reproduce the shape of objects quickly, safely and at a reasonable cost.

3D digitization method using structured light technology

Operating principle of 3D scanner using structured light

Structured light scanners work by projecting structured light stripes onto the surface of objects. The camera tracks the deformation of these stripes as they scan the object and collects the data needed to reconstruct the 3D model. The scanner system consists of a projector and two cameras, which use the data points obtained from the deformed light to calculate the exact location of each point on the sample surface.

During the scan, the object is rotated or the projector is moved to capture images from different angles, completing a 360° rotation. Structured light scanners typically use white or blue light, with blue light providing higher resolution and accuracy than white light.

Comparing white light and blue light in 3D scanning

White light

White light was a popular choice in the early generations of 3D scanners. It has the advantages of being easy to manufacture, low cost, and suitable for well-controlled lighting environments. However, in strong light conditions or highly reflective object surfaces, white light is susceptible to interference, leading to errors during scanning.

Blue light

In modern generations of scanners, blue light is preferred because of its shorter wavelength and less interference than white light, allowing for more accurate data collection. Blue light also helps improve contrast and detail, especially with difficult surfaces such as dark or textured materials.

Advantages:

• Does not affect vision
• The price is not too high, from a few tens of millions to a few hundred million VND

Disadvantages:

• Scanning results are not highly accurate and have low resolution
• Slow scanning speed
• Does not work with shiny, reflective, transparent or black surfaces because the light will be scattered or absorbed, affecting calculations during the scanning process.
• Scanning results are greatly affected by ambient light

 

Structured light 3D digitization technology is an accessible, low-cost solution. However, compared to laser scanning, structured light still has certain limitations in terms of accuracy and scanning speed. In the next article, we will explore handheld laser scanning, a superior technology in ensuring higher accuracy in the 3D digitization process. Stay tuned!

 

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